Section+1.2C

=Other Animal Source Fibers = @Home, @Section 1.1, @Section 1.2, @Section 1.2A, @Section 1.2B, @Section 1.3

**__Specialty Hair Fibers__-** Sometimes called "noble animal fibers" because of their limited production in luxury textile items. These fibers are produced in smaller quantities, but still play an important role in the textile industry due to the fact that they are particularly for high-end or more expensive clothing items. (Ghituleasa, Visileanu, and Ciocoiu 2004).

__**Types of specialty hair fibers:** __
 * **Cashmere: **Cashmere come from the fleece of the Kashmir goat, an animal native to the Hmalya Mountains of India,China, and Tibet. The goats are double-coated with shorter, fine under hairs and longer, coarse guard hairs. Only the fine under hair can be used for cashmere fibers and they are 1.5 to 3.5 inches long. The natural color of this fiber is gray, brown, and rarely white. Cashmere fibers can can be collected by combing the hairs during shedding season or shearing. The problem that arises with shearing is a mix of guard and fine fiber hairs, so the hair must undergo a hand or mechanical process called "dehairing" to remove the coarse guard hairs. The limited amount of cashmere combined with its softness and luster, is what makes the fiber so expensive. Sometimes cashmere is combined with wool to decrease the cost of the item. Uses of cashmere include sweaters, coats, jackets, and scarves for men and women. Image: Kashmir Goat. Photo uploaded by: starcrossed1. Photograph by: CJ Roberts. Retrieved from: http://animalworld.tumblr.com/ [[image:http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/29/529-004-36226EC4.jpg width="191" height="165" align="left" caption="Angora goat" link="@http://www.britannica.com/bps/media-view/10571/1/0/0"]]

** Mohair ** : Mohair fiber comes from the Angora goat. Angora goats have a single coat of hairs that are sheared twice a year, yielding three to five pounds a year. The natural color of this fiber is yellow to grayish white. After the fibers are cleaned, 15 to 25 percent of the weight is removed and the fibers become white in color. The fibers of young angora goats are more valuable due to their fineness. Current uses of mohair include men's and women's suiting, upholstery, carpet and draperies. Angora goat. [Photograph]. In Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/10571/Angora-goat

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 * **Quiviut : **Quviut is the under wool of the domesticated musk ox, native to Alaska. Musk oxen shed once a year, in the spring. The under hair of <span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the oxen is combed and sent to be machine spun. One half of a pound of this fiber will make one large and warm sweater. Quiviut is short in supply which makes is very expensive. The spun yarns are send to Eskimo women in villages around the region, where they hand-knit a variety of garments. <span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%; line-height: 0px;">Musk Ox. [Photograph]. in: National Geographic. Photograph by: US Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/musk-ox/
 * **<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">Camel Hair: **<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">Camel hair fiber comes from the Bactrian camel from central Asia. The typical method of <span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> collecting animal hair is to gather the hair is to gather the hair during the shed season. The hairs have to be dehaired so that the fine, soft hairs called //noils,// can be separated from the coarse hairs. Adult camels can produce up to ten kilograms of fiber. The natural color of the fibers are light brown or tan. Camel hair is very light and relatively weak, but is extremely warm. The camels hairs are designed to keep the camel from extreme heat or cold, therefore it is said to be one of best insulators of any other hair fibers. The most common usefor this fiber is clothing, especially coating fabrics. **<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%; font-weight: normal;">Bactrian Camel. [Photograph]. In: National Geographic. Photograph by: George F. Mobly. Retrieved from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/bactrian-camel/ **

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">**__Other members of the Camel family:__**
 * <span style="color: #006fff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Llama:**Llamas being raised in small farms is becoming more common. Like most other specialty fibers llama fibers are taken from the under hair by shearing, clipping, or brushing the animals. The natural color of the fibers are black and brown, but sometimes lighter colors are found. The fibers are often blended and used for coating, suiting, and dress fabrics. Indian artisans also commonly use the fleece for decorative shawls, ponchos, and other products. <span style="color: #004fff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">Llama [Photograph]. In: National Geographic. Photograph by Mattias Klum. Retrieved from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/llama/

<span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">Alpaca [Photograph]. In: Wikipedia. Photograph by: Johann Dreo. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unshorn_alpaca_grazing.jpg
 * <span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Alpaca: **<span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The domesticated Alpaca is native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecuador. The Alpaca is sheared once every two years in the Spring for their fine, strong fleece. The naturals colors range of white to black to brown and normally are about eight to twelve inches long. Commons uses include upholstery, suits and dresses.




 * **<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Vicuna: **<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the Vicuna is a wild animal that lives in the Andes Mountains. Years ago the vicuna were killed for their fibers, since then they have been protected by the government and are no longer in danger. Today, they are still herded and sheared for their fibers, but never killed. The vicuna's under hair yields about four ounces of fine under hair fiber, which sometimes may be hard to distinguish. A coat from this animal is one of the softest of all the fibers and can be compared in cost to a good fur coat. The natural fiber color is light tan or chestnut brown and is veryhard to dye. <span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">Vicuna [Photograph]. In: Wikipedia. Photography by: <span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">Alexandre Buisse. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vicunacrop.jpg

<span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">Guanaco [Photograph]. In: Wikipedia. Photograph by: Mary Frances Howard. Retrieved from: <span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guanaco_09.24.jpg
 * <span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Guanaco: **<span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The guanaco is another wild animal, herded and sheared just like the vicuna. The guanaco has double hairs which must be separated in order to get to the fine under hair. Although not as expensive or rare as the vicuna, the guanaco is a luxury fiber because of the fine and soft hair of the rare, protected animal. Natural colors are reddish brown in color.

<span style="color: #004fff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">__**Fur Fiber-**__ <span style="color: #006fff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The most common animals used for their fur include beaver, fox, mink, chinchilla, rabbit, and like. The fibers can be removed and blended can be removed and blended with other wool for soft texture.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">**__Fur Products Labeling Act__-** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Small amounts of furs are used in textile production. Under the TFPIA and Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, all furs that have been removed from the skin and incorporated in textiles are subject to regulations. Fur that is attached to the skin is regulated by the Fur Products Labeling Act of 1939. This act requires that the true English name of all fur-bearing animals must be used, and the country they come from labeled as well. Dying or any other technique to treat the fur must be disclosed and no nonexistent animal given a trademark name. Fur that is damaged for any reason natural or processed must be labeled "damaged fur," and fur previously worn must be labeled "used fur."
 * **<span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Angora: **<span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Angora comes from the fur of the Angora rabbit. These rabbits can be found in France, Italy, Japan, and the United States. The hair is extracted by clipping the rabbit. The fibers are long and silky and are white in color. The fiber is very fine and slippery, making it hard to spin. Fibers may be blended with nylon or wool, or are used for knitting and novelty items. <span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">Angora Rabbit [Photograph]. In: Wikipedia. Photograph by: Betty Chu. Retrieved from: <span style="color: #ff007f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 70%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EnglishAngoraRabbit.jpg

<span style="color: #6cc22e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">__**Cow Hair and Horsehair-**__ Cow hair can be blended with low grade fabrics typically for blankets, carpets, and felt. Horsehair is used as a filling material for upholstery and mattresses. Underlay of carpet is sometimes made from rubberized horsehair.

<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 80%;">*All material paraphrased from: Collier, B. J., Bide, M., & Tortora, P. G. (2009). Pp. 103-111. // Understanding Textiles. //(7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., <span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 80%;"> (Ghituleasa, Visileanu, and Ciocoiu 2004)